It is physically impossible for pigs to look up into the sky.
The "sixth sick sheik's sixth sheep's sick" is said to be the toughest tongue twister in the English language.
If you sneeze too hard, you can fracture a rib. If you try to suppress a sneeze; you can rupture a blood vessel in your head or neck and die.
Each king in a deck of playing cards represents great king from history. "Spades" - King David; "Clubs" - Alexander the Great; " Hearts" - Charlemagne; "Diamonds" - Julius Caesar.
Saturday 6 June 2009
Assignment Method
The Assignment method is the most common method of teaching especially in teaching of Science. It is a technique which can be usually used in teaching and learning process. It is an instructional technique comprises the guided information, self learning, writing skills and report preparation among the learners. The Assignment method is an important step in teaching and learning process (Douglas).
Objectives of Assignment Method:
Bates defined that the Assignment given in the lesson concerned to the student must train them in self learning and to acquire the presentation skills of the learners. The assignment method inculcates the learning experiences and information retrieval and report writing skills. The following objectives can be derived from the Assignment method.
The diverse and multiple learning experiences must be coordinated with a common method is an important objective in Teaching of Science. The assignment method can integrate and coordinate the different learning experiences of a learner from different approaches.
It provides good training for information seeking and retrieval behaviour.
It inculcates the self learning attitude among the students.
It provides information analysis and research attitude to the learners.
It develops the learning experiences from various sources.
Steps / Stages in Assignment
In order to achieve the desired objectives from the Assignments, the teacher should mind the following steps / stages before assigning the work to the students.
The assignment must be Lesson concerned and related with the text books and curriculum.
The topic / unit of the assignment must be explained with the availability of resources.
The core of the subject or unit must be clarified.
The hard and difficult portions of the assignment need to be explained well.
The topics / units irrelevant to the assignments must be defined very well.
The questions and answers for the assignment provided to the learners must comprise the following:
The questions must investigate the learners / students attitude.
The questions need to express whether the students have gone through the entire questions and assignment instructions.
The answers must be simple and smaller in nature.
The questions must allocate space for diagrammatic illustrations by the students
The questions can provide experimental work and tools for the students.
The references and bibliography must be annexed by the students.
Qualities / Features of a Good Assignment:
The significance of the Assignment has not been felt by the students due to the assignments were given by the individual without having proper understanding of the objectives of assignment method.( Tram) Assignments given with ambiguous instruction and lesser time to complete the task are also results in to sub-standard work by the students.
So that the teachers should identify the selected units / topics as the assignment work. A good assignment has the following best features and provides a good learning experience.
Assignment must be relevant to the subject taught to the student.
This should reflect the affinities with the subject contents in the text book concerned.
Assignment must be simple and enable the students to complete it within the stipulated time.
Assignment must avoid ambiguous, complex information and instructional structure.
Objectives of the assignments must be clear and definite.
Assignment must be given with other methods of teaching enable the good learning experiences.
Assignment should be given ensuring the level of the students’ age, attitude, skills and availability of resources for the topic / unit.
Assignment must develop the creativity and capable of individual learning by doing.
Assignments given to the students may challenge their thinking and analysis power.
The group assignments may enbcourage the coordinated learning aming the students.
The difficult task can be handled by fast learners and normal and easier task can be shared by slow learners facilitates students to complete and achieve the objectives of the group assignment. Generally the selection of the topics / units for the Group assignment must be done by the group of students themselves.
Types of Assignments:
Generally, the assignments are classified in to two types: viz.
Home assignments and
School Assignments
Home assignments:
The assignments given by the teacher is completed by the students in their home with the help of reference books and instructions / information provided by the teacher. The Completed assignments were evaluated by the teacher.
School assignments:
Prior to the experiments to be done or any difficult tasks, the teacher interrogates some questions regarding the experiment or tasks. The students have to find the answer with the help of text books and library books and report it in written form. The teacher observes the information collected by the students for the assignments. If the information collected is relevant and sufficient, the students will be allowed to proceed further towards the experiment or tasks. Other wise they are again instructed with further information and clarification to resubmit the assignments. Such assignments are termed and known as School assignments.
Busing has classified the school assignments in to nine types under the following headings.
1. Page or Paragraph Assignment: This assignment deal with the frequently used topic / unit in Text books. Usually assignment confines with a page or few paragraphs only. It is the method of instant answering or reporting in learning activities.
2. Chapter Assignment: This is somewhat broader than the page or paragraph assignment. Its scope confines with a chapter in the text book or a specific topic / unit to be described in the Text books. Generally this assignment based on the contents of the chapter of a lesson hence it is called as chapter assignment.
3. Topical Assignment: Such assignments are based on a chapter or more or a topic interrelated with the text book units. There may be ample opportunities the topical assignments may cross the boundaries of text books and its chapters. This assignment will be helpful in teaching and learning, the every day problems can be correlated with science teaching and learning by the students.
4. Problem Assignment: In order to solve a problem through scientific method this type of assignments were given to the students. The problem solving is its primary objective. The students are trained to learn the problem solving process through this assignment method. This type of assignment is considered as exclusive one.
5. Experience Assignment: This is a traditional assignment method. This type of assignment is usually used in mathematical lessons. Also this assignments will be helpful in problem solving and for other subjects too. This assignment is given along with other assignments.
6. Individual or Group report Assignment: This assignment has given to bring out the actual capabilities of a student or a group of students. It helps to promote the cooperative learning and information seeking behaviour among the students. It is considered as one of the special methods to develop and promote the individual’s learning experiences.
7. Unit Assignment: This assignment confines with a particular unit of the text book. It helps to avoid the ambiguous and repetitive information from the units of Group discussion. The central idea / core theme of the text can be supported by this unit assignment. Duplicate and unauthentic ideas and information are filtered in this unit assignment.
8. Experiment Assignment: This assignment has the best features from the problem assignment and project method. Basically this assignment evolved from the laboratory experiments and its reports. But this assignment could not be used as a representative for testing hypothesis. This is a best tool for the learning and teaching process.
9. Practice Assignment: This type of assignment is usually given in mathematics. This is given to the students to reinforce their memory skills and retention of the concepts. The repeated exercises can be given through this assignment. Memorizing poems, tables, theorem etc., can be done through this method.
Fundamental Elements of Assignments:
i. Assignments must be clear and well defined.
ii. It should be precise as well as having sufficient information enable to complete the task by all students.
iii. The Teacher should clear the obstacle of the assignment proposed.
iv. Newer topics for the assignments must be proposed with the earlier learning experiences.
v. Students must have a proper understanding about the assignments.
vi. Students need to understand the importance of assignments.
vii. Assignments proposed must be interesting enable to complete within the stipulated time by the students.
viii. Assignments must balance the skills and interests of the students as well as with their age and attitude.
ix. Assignment must enhance the interest in learning experiences of the students.
x. Appropriateness in assignment is accepted. There should not be credits or debits for best and worst assignments respectively.
xi. Assignments must direct the students towards the appropriate learning methods for the lesson in the text books.
xii. Assignments proposed must consider the individual differences of the students and their time management skills.
xiii. Library and laboratory facilities are mandatory for completion of assignments.
Teacher’s Role in assignment method:
In order to achieve the effective learning experience among the students through the Assignment method teacher has his / her own important role and functions in this method. The following role and functions are considered mandatory for every teacher when executing the assignment method.
In teaching of Science subject the lesson is divided into easier and appropriate parts that should be enable to pursue as assignment topics. The assignments must be interrelated and develop from one to another gives good learning experiences.
Teacher must have some targets in the learning experiences that to be acquired by the students from the assignments.
Before giving the assignment works to the students progress sheet should have been prepared by the teacher.
Teacher should have the complete bibliography and references for the subject he assigned for the assignments to the students.
The reference and required information must be given with guidelines to the students when they opt for assistance in their assignment as well as in other academic works.
The teacher must have the list of the assignments and its feed back with the problem solving guidelines to reduce the gaps in learning process among the students.
Active sheets must be prepared and kept under his custody for the experiments and laboratory work.
The planned and programmed assignment method yields a good learning experience and better results also facilitate the further follow up academic activities such as Laboratory work, experiments and projects. The planned and well defined assignments found simple and interesting to the students and enable them to complete the work effectively within a stipulated time.
Advantages / Merits of assignment method:
Provides opportunity in self learning for the students
Better learning experiences will be gained when combined with other science teaching methods.
Assignment provides sufficient flexibility in learning pace of the students. The slow learners too adapt with this method.
Teachers’ interruption is very much reduced and the students’ active participation is encouraged.
Teacher acts as a role of guide only.
The students received a better training in the learning by doing method in this method.
The information seeking and retrieval behaviour is developed among the students.
It gives better understanding in scientific method and projects.
It can provide space for the individuals learning attitude and their speed in learning process.
This provides better feed back and gives exact solution for the problems faced by the student in the learning process.
The progress sheet shows each and every student achievement and records his strength and weakness of the students learning activities.
The learning by doing aspect in this assignment method promotes the self confidence and self respect of each and every student engaged in assignment work.
Additional bibliographic information and references provide a good in depth knowledge among the students in the subject they work.
Teacher himself improves his awareness about the students’ achievements.
The student has his own responsibility in learning process.
The experimental works can be done with ease and simple way.
The difficult experiments are demonstrated by the teacher sot that there is no risk.
Individualized instruction and attention is possible in this method.
Limitations
There are some demerits and limitations in this assignment method for both teachers and students.
For the Teachers:
It is time consuming and burden process.
Teacher has to collect the information from various sources before assigning the work to the students.
Work burden extends in holidays too. There will be no encouragement for his work.
There are no source books and guide books are available in the market. Teacher has to prepare the same at his own risk of time and money.
There are divergent group of students in a class, it poses problems for teacher assigning a unique or uniform topic for assignment.
The success of the assignment method largely depends on library and laboratory facilities provided for the teacher as well as students.
The teacher has to examine the copy work and eliminate it.
The slow learners need much more attention from the teacher. Again it gives more burden for the teacher.
For the Students:
Time consuming. Need to spend more time in seeking information and its retrieval.
The time limit given threatens the students which makes the substandard work.
The slow learners stay behind. They tend to copy others works.
It is found hard for the students having little scientific attitude.
The report writing is little bit costly.
In general
It is not fit for all topics in science.
The teacher student ration must be less in number.
Need better orientation both for teacher and students.
Careful analysis and correction is necessary otherwise entire works go waste.
~ ~ ~ ~
Reference:
(Teaching of Science, First Year Source Book (D.T.Ed.) Tamil Nadu Textbook Society, Chennai-600006. p47-60.).
From:
T. Madhavan. Lecturer (Science), DIET, Lawspet, Puducherry.
Objectives of Assignment Method:
Bates defined that the Assignment given in the lesson concerned to the student must train them in self learning and to acquire the presentation skills of the learners. The assignment method inculcates the learning experiences and information retrieval and report writing skills. The following objectives can be derived from the Assignment method.
The diverse and multiple learning experiences must be coordinated with a common method is an important objective in Teaching of Science. The assignment method can integrate and coordinate the different learning experiences of a learner from different approaches.
It provides good training for information seeking and retrieval behaviour.
It inculcates the self learning attitude among the students.
It provides information analysis and research attitude to the learners.
It develops the learning experiences from various sources.
Steps / Stages in Assignment
In order to achieve the desired objectives from the Assignments, the teacher should mind the following steps / stages before assigning the work to the students.
The assignment must be Lesson concerned and related with the text books and curriculum.
The topic / unit of the assignment must be explained with the availability of resources.
The core of the subject or unit must be clarified.
The hard and difficult portions of the assignment need to be explained well.
The topics / units irrelevant to the assignments must be defined very well.
The questions and answers for the assignment provided to the learners must comprise the following:
The questions must investigate the learners / students attitude.
The questions need to express whether the students have gone through the entire questions and assignment instructions.
The answers must be simple and smaller in nature.
The questions must allocate space for diagrammatic illustrations by the students
The questions can provide experimental work and tools for the students.
The references and bibliography must be annexed by the students.
Qualities / Features of a Good Assignment:
The significance of the Assignment has not been felt by the students due to the assignments were given by the individual without having proper understanding of the objectives of assignment method.( Tram) Assignments given with ambiguous instruction and lesser time to complete the task are also results in to sub-standard work by the students.
So that the teachers should identify the selected units / topics as the assignment work. A good assignment has the following best features and provides a good learning experience.
Assignment must be relevant to the subject taught to the student.
This should reflect the affinities with the subject contents in the text book concerned.
Assignment must be simple and enable the students to complete it within the stipulated time.
Assignment must avoid ambiguous, complex information and instructional structure.
Objectives of the assignments must be clear and definite.
Assignment must be given with other methods of teaching enable the good learning experiences.
Assignment should be given ensuring the level of the students’ age, attitude, skills and availability of resources for the topic / unit.
Assignment must develop the creativity and capable of individual learning by doing.
Assignments given to the students may challenge their thinking and analysis power.
The group assignments may enbcourage the coordinated learning aming the students.
The difficult task can be handled by fast learners and normal and easier task can be shared by slow learners facilitates students to complete and achieve the objectives of the group assignment. Generally the selection of the topics / units for the Group assignment must be done by the group of students themselves.
Types of Assignments:
Generally, the assignments are classified in to two types: viz.
Home assignments and
School Assignments
Home assignments:
The assignments given by the teacher is completed by the students in their home with the help of reference books and instructions / information provided by the teacher. The Completed assignments were evaluated by the teacher.
School assignments:
Prior to the experiments to be done or any difficult tasks, the teacher interrogates some questions regarding the experiment or tasks. The students have to find the answer with the help of text books and library books and report it in written form. The teacher observes the information collected by the students for the assignments. If the information collected is relevant and sufficient, the students will be allowed to proceed further towards the experiment or tasks. Other wise they are again instructed with further information and clarification to resubmit the assignments. Such assignments are termed and known as School assignments.
Busing has classified the school assignments in to nine types under the following headings.
1. Page or Paragraph Assignment: This assignment deal with the frequently used topic / unit in Text books. Usually assignment confines with a page or few paragraphs only. It is the method of instant answering or reporting in learning activities.
2. Chapter Assignment: This is somewhat broader than the page or paragraph assignment. Its scope confines with a chapter in the text book or a specific topic / unit to be described in the Text books. Generally this assignment based on the contents of the chapter of a lesson hence it is called as chapter assignment.
3. Topical Assignment: Such assignments are based on a chapter or more or a topic interrelated with the text book units. There may be ample opportunities the topical assignments may cross the boundaries of text books and its chapters. This assignment will be helpful in teaching and learning, the every day problems can be correlated with science teaching and learning by the students.
4. Problem Assignment: In order to solve a problem through scientific method this type of assignments were given to the students. The problem solving is its primary objective. The students are trained to learn the problem solving process through this assignment method. This type of assignment is considered as exclusive one.
5. Experience Assignment: This is a traditional assignment method. This type of assignment is usually used in mathematical lessons. Also this assignments will be helpful in problem solving and for other subjects too. This assignment is given along with other assignments.
6. Individual or Group report Assignment: This assignment has given to bring out the actual capabilities of a student or a group of students. It helps to promote the cooperative learning and information seeking behaviour among the students. It is considered as one of the special methods to develop and promote the individual’s learning experiences.
7. Unit Assignment: This assignment confines with a particular unit of the text book. It helps to avoid the ambiguous and repetitive information from the units of Group discussion. The central idea / core theme of the text can be supported by this unit assignment. Duplicate and unauthentic ideas and information are filtered in this unit assignment.
8. Experiment Assignment: This assignment has the best features from the problem assignment and project method. Basically this assignment evolved from the laboratory experiments and its reports. But this assignment could not be used as a representative for testing hypothesis. This is a best tool for the learning and teaching process.
9. Practice Assignment: This type of assignment is usually given in mathematics. This is given to the students to reinforce their memory skills and retention of the concepts. The repeated exercises can be given through this assignment. Memorizing poems, tables, theorem etc., can be done through this method.
Fundamental Elements of Assignments:
i. Assignments must be clear and well defined.
ii. It should be precise as well as having sufficient information enable to complete the task by all students.
iii. The Teacher should clear the obstacle of the assignment proposed.
iv. Newer topics for the assignments must be proposed with the earlier learning experiences.
v. Students must have a proper understanding about the assignments.
vi. Students need to understand the importance of assignments.
vii. Assignments proposed must be interesting enable to complete within the stipulated time by the students.
viii. Assignments must balance the skills and interests of the students as well as with their age and attitude.
ix. Assignment must enhance the interest in learning experiences of the students.
x. Appropriateness in assignment is accepted. There should not be credits or debits for best and worst assignments respectively.
xi. Assignments must direct the students towards the appropriate learning methods for the lesson in the text books.
xii. Assignments proposed must consider the individual differences of the students and their time management skills.
xiii. Library and laboratory facilities are mandatory for completion of assignments.
Teacher’s Role in assignment method:
In order to achieve the effective learning experience among the students through the Assignment method teacher has his / her own important role and functions in this method. The following role and functions are considered mandatory for every teacher when executing the assignment method.
In teaching of Science subject the lesson is divided into easier and appropriate parts that should be enable to pursue as assignment topics. The assignments must be interrelated and develop from one to another gives good learning experiences.
Teacher must have some targets in the learning experiences that to be acquired by the students from the assignments.
Before giving the assignment works to the students progress sheet should have been prepared by the teacher.
Teacher should have the complete bibliography and references for the subject he assigned for the assignments to the students.
The reference and required information must be given with guidelines to the students when they opt for assistance in their assignment as well as in other academic works.
The teacher must have the list of the assignments and its feed back with the problem solving guidelines to reduce the gaps in learning process among the students.
Active sheets must be prepared and kept under his custody for the experiments and laboratory work.
The planned and programmed assignment method yields a good learning experience and better results also facilitate the further follow up academic activities such as Laboratory work, experiments and projects. The planned and well defined assignments found simple and interesting to the students and enable them to complete the work effectively within a stipulated time.
Advantages / Merits of assignment method:
Provides opportunity in self learning for the students
Better learning experiences will be gained when combined with other science teaching methods.
Assignment provides sufficient flexibility in learning pace of the students. The slow learners too adapt with this method.
Teachers’ interruption is very much reduced and the students’ active participation is encouraged.
Teacher acts as a role of guide only.
The students received a better training in the learning by doing method in this method.
The information seeking and retrieval behaviour is developed among the students.
It gives better understanding in scientific method and projects.
It can provide space for the individuals learning attitude and their speed in learning process.
This provides better feed back and gives exact solution for the problems faced by the student in the learning process.
The progress sheet shows each and every student achievement and records his strength and weakness of the students learning activities.
The learning by doing aspect in this assignment method promotes the self confidence and self respect of each and every student engaged in assignment work.
Additional bibliographic information and references provide a good in depth knowledge among the students in the subject they work.
Teacher himself improves his awareness about the students’ achievements.
The student has his own responsibility in learning process.
The experimental works can be done with ease and simple way.
The difficult experiments are demonstrated by the teacher sot that there is no risk.
Individualized instruction and attention is possible in this method.
Limitations
There are some demerits and limitations in this assignment method for both teachers and students.
For the Teachers:
It is time consuming and burden process.
Teacher has to collect the information from various sources before assigning the work to the students.
Work burden extends in holidays too. There will be no encouragement for his work.
There are no source books and guide books are available in the market. Teacher has to prepare the same at his own risk of time and money.
There are divergent group of students in a class, it poses problems for teacher assigning a unique or uniform topic for assignment.
The success of the assignment method largely depends on library and laboratory facilities provided for the teacher as well as students.
The teacher has to examine the copy work and eliminate it.
The slow learners need much more attention from the teacher. Again it gives more burden for the teacher.
For the Students:
Time consuming. Need to spend more time in seeking information and its retrieval.
The time limit given threatens the students which makes the substandard work.
The slow learners stay behind. They tend to copy others works.
It is found hard for the students having little scientific attitude.
The report writing is little bit costly.
In general
It is not fit for all topics in science.
The teacher student ration must be less in number.
Need better orientation both for teacher and students.
Careful analysis and correction is necessary otherwise entire works go waste.
~ ~ ~ ~
Reference:
(Teaching of Science, First Year Source Book (D.T.Ed.) Tamil Nadu Textbook Society, Chennai-600006. p47-60.).
From:
T. Madhavan. Lecturer (Science), DIET, Lawspet, Puducherry.
Thursday 4 June 2009
Relationships
Relationships in India and Abroad
Husband In India - A boring human species, who listens more to his mother than you, and orders you around to serve him, his parents and siblings.
Outside India - Still boring, but now a useful human species that comes in handy when the house needs to be vacuumed.
Friend
In India - A person whose house you can drop into any time of the day or night and you'll always be welcome.
Outside India - A person whom you have to call first to check and make sure he is not busy.
Wife
In India - A woman who gives you your clothes and towel when you go to take a shower.
Outside India - A woman who yells at you not to leave tub dirty when you go to take bath.
Son
In India - A teenager, who without asking will carry your grocery bags from the market.
Outside India - A teenager, who suddenly remembers he has lot of homework when you start mowing the lawn.
Daughter
In India - A lovely doll, who brings tears to your eyes during her marriage.
Outside India - A lovely doll, who brings you to tears long before her marriage.
Father
In India - A person you are afraid of, and who is never to be disobeyed.
Outside India - A person to whom you pretend to obey, after all he is the one paying your college tuition.
Indian Engineer
In India - A person with a respectable job and earning lots.
Outside India - A person without a secure job, who always dreams one day he will be rich.
Doctor
In India - A respectable person with OK income.
Outside India - A money making machine, who has a money spending machine at home called "doctor's wife".
Bhangra
In India - A vigorous Punjabi festival dance.
Outside India - A dance you do, when you don't know how to dance.
Software Engineer
In India - A high-tech guy, always speaks in American accent, always anxious to queue in the consulate visa line.
Outside India - The same hi-tech guy, who does Ganapati Puja everyday, and says 'This is my last year in the US (or wherever)'every year.
A Green Card holder bachelor
In India - The guy can't speak Hindi, parents of good looking girls are dying to hook him, wears jacket in summer, says he has a BMW back there.
Outside India - The guy can't speak proper English, wears jacket all the time, works in a Candy store at Manhattan, dreams of owning a BMW.
FAQs in Teaching of Science-I.
Frequently asked Questions in Teaching Science. { D.T.Ed. I Year }
Part - Ia { Contents }
1. Define Nutrients.
2. Mention the name of diseases caused by the increase and decrease in Number of RBCs in human blood.
3. Give examples for Coelenterata
4. Give composition of air ( % by volume)
5. Write the Archimedes principle?
6. What is malnutrition?
7. Define Isotopes.
8. What is refraction?
9. Write the functions of Maltase enzyme
10. Give examples for Amphibians.
11. Mention the mineral rich food components
12. Classify the vitamins.
13. Mention the deficiency diseases of vitamin D.
14. Mention the symptoms of Marasmus disease.
15. What is called Chlorogen ?
16. Write down the Haemoglobin count in Human blood ?
{ Man: 14 -17 grams / deci litre, Woman:12– 15 g/dl, Children: 11-16 g/dl , Pregnant Woman: 11-12 g/dl. }
17. What is the Boiling Point of Oxygen ? { -182.9°C }
18. Why the water has shown different tastes ?
19. How will you convert hard water in to soft water ?
20. Why the does the water in the ocean tastes soar ?
21. Give examples for Natural and Synthetic fibres.
22. Mention the types of Glasses.
23. Cement Concrete and Reinforced concrete – differentiate.
24. What are the sources for Glass production?
25. Why the washing powder gives the chlorine odour when it is exposed in air ?
26. What is called sublimation? Give example ?
27. Give any two examples for Organic and Inorganic Acids.
28. Mention the vitamin rich food nutrients.
29. Mention the locations of Voluntary muscles and involuntary muscles present in our body.
30. What are the functions of Plants ?
31. What is called Green House effect ?
32. Write the uses of Siphon ?
33. Water is an universal solvent. Prove it with a suitable experiment.
34. Give any three examples for Natural Fibres.
35. What are the properties of Gases ? ( Mention any Four )
36. What are the uses of Baking soda ?
37. Mention the Vitamin C rich food.
38. What are the functions of Vitamin D.
39. What will be the use of Vitamin A.
40. List out the vitamin A deficient diseases.
Part - IIa. { Contents }
1) Classify the food components based on its usage.
2) What is chlorination ?
3) List out the methods of food processing?
4) Write short notes on Pasteur method.
5) Mentions the diseases caused due to deficiency of Water soluble vitamins.
6) Write notes on Food adulteration
7) Tabulate the Importance of Vitamins.
8) Differentiate the Veins with Arteries.
9) List out the damages caused by the Agricultural Pests
10) Write down the methods of Food preservation.
11) Mention the names and functions of the enzymes secreted in the human stomach.
12) Write important features of Reptiles.
13) Describe the types of Human Blood Cells.
14) Write down the laws of floatation.
15) Write the physical properties of non metals.
16) Explain the methods of food processing.
17) Write the functions of Blood.
18) Define Mutation.
19) Prove the presence of atmospheric pressure through an experiment.
20) How can you convert the saline water in to drinking water ?
21) Write the importance of cleanliness of clothes ?
22) What are the necessary sources for the production of Glass. Classify the tyopes of Glasses.
23) Explain the Sublimation process with an example.
24) What is air pollution ? Mention its biological effects and reactions.
25) Mention the conservation methods of Pet animals.
26) List out the name and functions of enzymes secreted in the human stomach.
27) List out the name and functions of enzymes secreted in the human intestine.
28) List out the name and functions of enzymes secreted in the human Pancreas.
29) Mention the causes and affected by the agricultural pests.
30) Differentiate Arteries with Veins.
31) What is called Protein deficiency ? How it affects in India ?
32) What is called Osmosis ? explain with a experiment.
33) What is called reverse osmosis ? Explain with a diagram.
34) Mention the ways of Water Preservation ?
35) Explain the methods of Cement preparation.
36) Write brief notes on solid wastes management.
37) Expalin the Surface tension with an example.
38) What are the properties and uses of Baking soda?
39) What are the diseases caused by the Vitamin D deficiency.
40) Write notes on Scurvy.
Part - Ib. (Methodology)
1. What is called Science ?
2. Write short notes on General Objectives, Specific Objectives.
3. List out the Psycho motor skills pronounced by Harrow (1972).
4. Define Scientific Method.
5. Mention the skills developed among the students during the process testing of hypothesis.
6. Compare the analysis and classification.
7. Problem assignment: Define.
8. List out the features of good assignment.
9. Mention the drawbacks that you considered in the Teacher centered teaching.
10. Home assignments, School assignments – compare.
11. Mention the members in the seminar committee.
12. What is the Role of the Seminar Observer.
13. How will you evaluate the seminar method.
14. Give the definitions pronounced by C.J. Kumar and D.P. Rao.
15. Mention any two Logos of environmental studies and its activities under ABL method.
16. What are the activities of development under ABL method.
17. What are the long term objectives.
18. Mention the qualities of Science teacher.
19. What is called Learning by doing ?
20. Write the advantages of Assignment method.
21. What do you understand from the ABL method.
22. List out the evaluation tools.
23. What is called Summative evaluation ?
24. Define Formative evaluation ?
25. Compare the Formative and summative evaluations.
26. What is called evaluation ?
27. Mention any two tests that evaluate the intelligence of students.
28. What is called continuous evaluation.
29. How the weather chart is used by the students.
30. What is experiment assignment.
Part - IIb. (Methodology)
1. Explain about the types of seminar.
2. Write down the stages to be handled in Seminar method.
3. Write the advantages of ABL method in learning process.
4. How the ABL method has implemented in Tamil Nadu.
5. Write briefly about the necessary requirements for ABL class room ?
6. List out the Learning materials used in ABL method.
7. Explain the structure and facilities to be implemented in the ABL class room.
8. Differentiate the measurement and Evaluation.
9. What are the types of Evaluation. Explain.
10. What are the evaluation components of Practical examination.
11. What are the General Objectives of Science Teaching in Primary education ?
12. What are the advantages of Learner centred method.
13. What are the objectives of Scientific method ?
14. How will you help a student to solve a problem through the scientific method.
15. What are the stages in Learning by doing method ?
16. List out the merits of ABL method.
17. Correlate the Human Society development and Science.
18. Mention the methods of Teacher centred and learner centered methods in teaching.
19. What are the merits and demerits of Scientific methods ?
20. Explaining the learning by doing method with diagrams.
21. What are the advantages of Learning by doing method.
Part - III. (Methodology)
? Give an account of the types of Assignments.
? Explain the concepts derived about cognitive domain by Bloom, Anderson and Raathhole.
? Explain any two stages of Learning by doing method.
? Give an account of Types of school assignments.
? Explain the ABL method as an example for learning by doing.
? Explain the stages / steps in Scientific Method
? Explain the learning experiences / activities in ABL method with examples.
? How will you teach the lesson `States of Matter from V standard` through the learning by doing method ?
? How will you teach the lesson / concept regardiong `Avoiding water pollution` through the seminar method ?
? Explain the class room management in ABL method.
? What are the guidelines for a good achievement test. Explain with example.
? Explain how you teach the Land pollution and its effects through the seminar method.
to be continued, till 25th June 2009.
Part - Ia { Contents }
1. Define Nutrients.
2. Mention the name of diseases caused by the increase and decrease in Number of RBCs in human blood.
3. Give examples for Coelenterata
4. Give composition of air ( % by volume)
5. Write the Archimedes principle?
6. What is malnutrition?
7. Define Isotopes.
8. What is refraction?
9. Write the functions of Maltase enzyme
10. Give examples for Amphibians.
11. Mention the mineral rich food components
12. Classify the vitamins.
13. Mention the deficiency diseases of vitamin D.
14. Mention the symptoms of Marasmus disease.
15. What is called Chlorogen ?
16. Write down the Haemoglobin count in Human blood ?
{ Man: 14 -17 grams / deci litre, Woman:12– 15 g/dl, Children: 11-16 g/dl , Pregnant Woman: 11-12 g/dl. }
17. What is the Boiling Point of Oxygen ? { -182.9°C }
18. Why the water has shown different tastes ?
19. How will you convert hard water in to soft water ?
20. Why the does the water in the ocean tastes soar ?
21. Give examples for Natural and Synthetic fibres.
22. Mention the types of Glasses.
23. Cement Concrete and Reinforced concrete – differentiate.
24. What are the sources for Glass production?
25. Why the washing powder gives the chlorine odour when it is exposed in air ?
26. What is called sublimation? Give example ?
27. Give any two examples for Organic and Inorganic Acids.
28. Mention the vitamin rich food nutrients.
29. Mention the locations of Voluntary muscles and involuntary muscles present in our body.
30. What are the functions of Plants ?
31. What is called Green House effect ?
32. Write the uses of Siphon ?
33. Water is an universal solvent. Prove it with a suitable experiment.
34. Give any three examples for Natural Fibres.
35. What are the properties of Gases ? ( Mention any Four )
36. What are the uses of Baking soda ?
37. Mention the Vitamin C rich food.
38. What are the functions of Vitamin D.
39. What will be the use of Vitamin A.
40. List out the vitamin A deficient diseases.
Part - IIa. { Contents }
1) Classify the food components based on its usage.
2) What is chlorination ?
3) List out the methods of food processing?
4) Write short notes on Pasteur method.
5) Mentions the diseases caused due to deficiency of Water soluble vitamins.
6) Write notes on Food adulteration
7) Tabulate the Importance of Vitamins.
8) Differentiate the Veins with Arteries.
9) List out the damages caused by the Agricultural Pests
10) Write down the methods of Food preservation.
11) Mention the names and functions of the enzymes secreted in the human stomach.
12) Write important features of Reptiles.
13) Describe the types of Human Blood Cells.
14) Write down the laws of floatation.
15) Write the physical properties of non metals.
16) Explain the methods of food processing.
17) Write the functions of Blood.
18) Define Mutation.
19) Prove the presence of atmospheric pressure through an experiment.
20) How can you convert the saline water in to drinking water ?
21) Write the importance of cleanliness of clothes ?
22) What are the necessary sources for the production of Glass. Classify the tyopes of Glasses.
23) Explain the Sublimation process with an example.
24) What is air pollution ? Mention its biological effects and reactions.
25) Mention the conservation methods of Pet animals.
26) List out the name and functions of enzymes secreted in the human stomach.
27) List out the name and functions of enzymes secreted in the human intestine.
28) List out the name and functions of enzymes secreted in the human Pancreas.
29) Mention the causes and affected by the agricultural pests.
30) Differentiate Arteries with Veins.
31) What is called Protein deficiency ? How it affects in India ?
32) What is called Osmosis ? explain with a experiment.
33) What is called reverse osmosis ? Explain with a diagram.
34) Mention the ways of Water Preservation ?
35) Explain the methods of Cement preparation.
36) Write brief notes on solid wastes management.
37) Expalin the Surface tension with an example.
38) What are the properties and uses of Baking soda?
39) What are the diseases caused by the Vitamin D deficiency.
40) Write notes on Scurvy.
Part - Ib. (Methodology)
1. What is called Science ?
2. Write short notes on General Objectives, Specific Objectives.
3. List out the Psycho motor skills pronounced by Harrow (1972).
4. Define Scientific Method.
5. Mention the skills developed among the students during the process testing of hypothesis.
6. Compare the analysis and classification.
7. Problem assignment: Define.
8. List out the features of good assignment.
9. Mention the drawbacks that you considered in the Teacher centered teaching.
10. Home assignments, School assignments – compare.
11. Mention the members in the seminar committee.
12. What is the Role of the Seminar Observer.
13. How will you evaluate the seminar method.
14. Give the definitions pronounced by C.J. Kumar and D.P. Rao.
15. Mention any two Logos of environmental studies and its activities under ABL method.
16. What are the activities of development under ABL method.
17. What are the long term objectives.
18. Mention the qualities of Science teacher.
19. What is called Learning by doing ?
20. Write the advantages of Assignment method.
21. What do you understand from the ABL method.
22. List out the evaluation tools.
23. What is called Summative evaluation ?
24. Define Formative evaluation ?
25. Compare the Formative and summative evaluations.
26. What is called evaluation ?
27. Mention any two tests that evaluate the intelligence of students.
28. What is called continuous evaluation.
29. How the weather chart is used by the students.
30. What is experiment assignment.
Part - IIb. (Methodology)
1. Explain about the types of seminar.
2. Write down the stages to be handled in Seminar method.
3. Write the advantages of ABL method in learning process.
4. How the ABL method has implemented in Tamil Nadu.
5. Write briefly about the necessary requirements for ABL class room ?
6. List out the Learning materials used in ABL method.
7. Explain the structure and facilities to be implemented in the ABL class room.
8. Differentiate the measurement and Evaluation.
9. What are the types of Evaluation. Explain.
10. What are the evaluation components of Practical examination.
11. What are the General Objectives of Science Teaching in Primary education ?
12. What are the advantages of Learner centred method.
13. What are the objectives of Scientific method ?
14. How will you help a student to solve a problem through the scientific method.
15. What are the stages in Learning by doing method ?
16. List out the merits of ABL method.
17. Correlate the Human Society development and Science.
18. Mention the methods of Teacher centred and learner centered methods in teaching.
19. What are the merits and demerits of Scientific methods ?
20. Explaining the learning by doing method with diagrams.
21. What are the advantages of Learning by doing method.
Part - III. (Methodology)
? Give an account of the types of Assignments.
? Explain the concepts derived about cognitive domain by Bloom, Anderson and Raathhole.
? Explain any two stages of Learning by doing method.
? Give an account of Types of school assignments.
? Explain the ABL method as an example for learning by doing.
? Explain the stages / steps in Scientific Method
? Explain the learning experiences / activities in ABL method with examples.
? How will you teach the lesson `States of Matter from V standard` through the learning by doing method ?
? How will you teach the lesson / concept regardiong `Avoiding water pollution` through the seminar method ?
? Explain the class room management in ABL method.
? What are the guidelines for a good achievement test. Explain with example.
? Explain how you teach the Land pollution and its effects through the seminar method.
to be continued, till 25th June 2009.
Monday 25 May 2009
Anagrams
DILIP VENGSARKAR
When you rearrange the letters:
SPARKLING DRIVE
BARA THEDA
When you rearrange the letters:
ARAB DEATH
PRINCESS DIANA
When you rearrange the letters:
END IS A CAR SPIN
MONICA LEWINSKY
When you rearrange the letters:
NICE SILKY WOMAN
DORMITORY:
When you rearrange the letters:
DIRTY ROOM
PRESBYTERIAN:
When you rearrange the letters:
BEST IN PRAYER
ASTRONOMER:
When you rearrange the letters:
MOON STARER
DESPERATION: When you rearrange the letters:
A ROPE ENDS IT
THE EYES:
When you rearrange the letters:
THEY SEE
GEORGE BUSH:
When you rearrange the letters:
HE BUGS GORE
THE MORSE CODE :
When you rearrange the letters:
HERE COME DOTS
SLOT MACHINES:
When you rearrange the letters:
CASH LOST IN ME
ANIMOSITY:
When you rearrange the letters:
IS NO AMITY
ELECTION RESULTS:
When you rearrange the letters:
LIES - LET'S RECOUNT
SNOOZE ALARMS:
When you rearrange the letters:
ALAS! NO MORE Z 'S
A DECIMAL POINT:
When you rearrange the letters:
I M A DOT IN PLACE
THE EARTHQUAKES:
When you rearrange the letters:
THAT QUEER SHAKE
ELEVEN PLUS TWO:
When you rearrange the letters:
TWELVE PLUS ONE
MOTHER-IN-LAW:
When you rearrange the letters:
WOMAN HITLER
When you rearrange the letters:
SPARKLING DRIVE
BARA THEDA
When you rearrange the letters:
ARAB DEATH
PRINCESS DIANA
When you rearrange the letters:
END IS A CAR SPIN
MONICA LEWINSKY
When you rearrange the letters:
NICE SILKY WOMAN
DORMITORY:
When you rearrange the letters:
DIRTY ROOM
PRESBYTERIAN:
When you rearrange the letters:
BEST IN PRAYER
ASTRONOMER:
When you rearrange the letters:
MOON STARER
DESPERATION: When you rearrange the letters:
A ROPE ENDS IT
THE EYES:
When you rearrange the letters:
THEY SEE
GEORGE BUSH:
When you rearrange the letters:
HE BUGS GORE
THE MORSE CODE :
When you rearrange the letters:
HERE COME DOTS
SLOT MACHINES:
When you rearrange the letters:
CASH LOST IN ME
ANIMOSITY:
When you rearrange the letters:
IS NO AMITY
ELECTION RESULTS:
When you rearrange the letters:
LIES - LET'S RECOUNT
SNOOZE ALARMS:
When you rearrange the letters:
ALAS! NO MORE Z 'S
A DECIMAL POINT:
When you rearrange the letters:
I M A DOT IN PLACE
THE EARTHQUAKES:
When you rearrange the letters:
THAT QUEER SHAKE
ELEVEN PLUS TWO:
When you rearrange the letters:
TWELVE PLUS ONE
MOTHER-IN-LAW:
When you rearrange the letters:
WOMAN HITLER
Taj Mahal: (A symbol of love ???) The True Story
No one has ever challenged it except Prof. P. N. Oak, who believes the whole world has been duped. In his book Taj Mahal: The True Story, Oak says the Taj Mahal is not Queen Mumtaz's tomb but an ancient Hindu temple palace of Lord Shiva (then known as Tejo Mahalaya ) .
In the course of his research Oak discovered that the Shiva temple palace was usurped by Shah Jahan from then Maharaja of Jaipur, Jai Singh. In his own court chronicle, Badshahnama, Shah Jahan admits that an exceptionally beautiful grand mansion in Agra was taken from Jai Singh for Mumtaz's burial .
The ex-Maharaja of Jaipur still retains in his secret collection two orders from Shah Jahan for surrendering the Taj building. Using captured temples and mansions, as a burial place for dead courtiers and royalty was a common practice among Muslim rulers.
For example, Humayun,Akbar, Etmud-ud-Daula and Safdarjung are all buried in such mansions. Oak's inquiries began with the name of Taj Mahal. He says the term " Mahal " has never been used for a building in any Muslim countries from Afghanisthan to Algeria . "The unusual explanation that the term Taj Mahal derives from Mumtaz Mahal was illogical in atleast two respects.
Firstly, her name was never Mumtaz Mahal but Mumtaz-ul-Zamani ," he writes.
Secondly, one cannot omit the first three letters 'Mum' from a woman's name to derive the remainder as the name for the building."Taj Mahal, he claims, is a corrupt version of . Oak also says the love story of Mumtaz and Shah Jahan is a fairy tale cre ated by court sycophants, blundering historians and sloppy archaeologists Not a single royal chronicle of Shah Jahan's time corroborates the love story.
Furthermore, Oak cites several documents suggesting the Taj Mahal predates Shah Jahan's era, and was a temple dedicated to Shiva, worshipped by Rajputs of Agra city. For example, Prof. Marvin Miller of New York took a few samples from the riverside doorway of the Taj. Carbon dating tests revealed that the door was 300 years older than Shah Jahan. European traveler Johan Albert Mandelslo,who visited Agra in 1638 (only seven years after Mumtaz's death), describes the life of the cit y in his memoirs. But he makes no reference to the Taj Mahal being built. The writings of Peter Mundy, an English visitor to Agra within a year of Mumtaz's death, also suggest the
Taj was a noteworthy building well before Shah Jahan's time.
Prof. Oak points out a number of design and architectural inconsistencies that support the belief of the Taj Mahal being a typical Hindu temple rather than a mausoleum. Many rooms in the Taj Mahal have remained sealed since Shah Jahan's time and are still inaccessible to the public .
Oak asserts they contain a headless statue of Lord Shiva and other objects commonly used for worship rituals in Hindu temples Fearing political backlash, Indira Gandhi's government tried to have Prof. Oak's book withdrawn from the bookstores, and threatened the Indian publisher of the first edition dire consequences . There is only one way to discredit or validate Oak's research.
The current government should open the sealed rooms of the Taj Mahal under U.N. supervision, and let international experts investigate.
Thursday 21 May 2009
Everlasting Problem
What is Love ?
Are you there because it's what everyone wants?
It isn't love, it's loyalty.
Are you there because they kissed you, or held your hand?
It isn't love, it's low confidence.
Do you stay for their confessions of love, because you don't want to hurt them?
It isn't love, it's pity.
Do you belong to them because their sight makes your heart skip a beat?
It isn't love, it's an infatuation.
Do you pardon their faults because you care about them?
It isn't love, it's friendship
Do you tell them every day they are the only one you think of?
It isn't love, it's a lie.
Are you willing to give all of your favorite things for their sake?
It isn't love, it's charity.
Does your heart ache and break when they're sad?
Then it's love.
Do you cry for their pain, even when they're strong?
Then it's love.
Do their eyes see your true heart, and touch your soul so deeply it hurts?
Then it's love.
Do you stay because a blinding, incomprehensible mix of pain and relation pulls you close and hold you
there?
Then it's love.
Do you accept their faults because they're a part of who they are?
Then it's love.
Are you attracted to others, but stay with them faithfully without regret?
Then it's love.
Could you allow them to leave you, not because they want to but because they have to?
Then it's love.
Would you give them your heart, your life, your death?
Then it's love.
Now, if love is painful, and tortures us so, why do we love?
Why is it all we search for in life?
This pain, this agony?
Why is it all we long for?
This torture, this powerful death of self?
Why?
The answer is so simple cause it's...LOVE.
It is such an addictive that people who are not having it wish to experience and share it.
Life has no meaning without having love in it.
The love can be in any form but requires the above-mentioned qualities to be true love.
May god bless all of us with true Love -the greatest treasure of anybody's life!
Are you there because it's what everyone wants?
It isn't love, it's loyalty.
Are you there because they kissed you, or held your hand?
It isn't love, it's low confidence.
Do you stay for their confessions of love, because you don't want to hurt them?
It isn't love, it's pity.
Do you belong to them because their sight makes your heart skip a beat?
It isn't love, it's an infatuation.
Do you pardon their faults because you care about them?
It isn't love, it's friendship
Do you tell them every day they are the only one you think of?
It isn't love, it's a lie.
Are you willing to give all of your favorite things for their sake?
It isn't love, it's charity.
Does your heart ache and break when they're sad?
Then it's love.
Do you cry for their pain, even when they're strong?
Then it's love.
Do their eyes see your true heart, and touch your soul so deeply it hurts?
Then it's love.
Do you stay because a blinding, incomprehensible mix of pain and relation pulls you close and hold you
there?
Then it's love.
Do you accept their faults because they're a part of who they are?
Then it's love.
Are you attracted to others, but stay with them faithfully without regret?
Then it's love.
Could you allow them to leave you, not because they want to but because they have to?
Then it's love.
Would you give them your heart, your life, your death?
Then it's love.
Now, if love is painful, and tortures us so, why do we love?
Why is it all we search for in life?
This pain, this agony?
Why is it all we long for?
This torture, this powerful death of self?
Why?
The answer is so simple cause it's...LOVE.
It is such an addictive that people who are not having it wish to experience and share it.
Life has no meaning without having love in it.
The love can be in any form but requires the above-mentioned qualities to be true love.
May god bless all of us with true Love -the greatest treasure of anybody's life!
Wednesday 20 May 2009
It is the Management of our times.
HOW MUCH MANAGEMENT KNOWS THEIR STAFF?
On walking into the factory, the MD noticed a young guy leaning against the wall, doing nothing.
He approached the young man and calmly said to him, 'How much do you earn?'
The young man was quite amazed that he was asked such a personal question, he replied, none the less, 'I earn Rs. 5,000 a month, Sir. Why?'
Without answering, the MD took out his wallet and removed Rs. 15,000 cash and gave it to the young man and said, 'Around here I pay people for working, not for standing around looking pretty! Here is your 3 months salary, now GET OUT and don't come back'.
The young man turned around and was quickly out of sight.
Noticing a few onlookers, the MD said in a very upset manner, 'And that applies for everybody in this company'.
He approached one of the onlookers and asked him, 'Who's the young man that I just fired?'
To which an amazing reply came of, 'He was the courier delivery man, Sir...!'
On walking into the factory, the MD noticed a young guy leaning against the wall, doing nothing.
He approached the young man and calmly said to him, 'How much do you earn?'
The young man was quite amazed that he was asked such a personal question, he replied, none the less, 'I earn Rs. 5,000 a month, Sir. Why?'
Without answering, the MD took out his wallet and removed Rs. 15,000 cash and gave it to the young man and said, 'Around here I pay people for working, not for standing around looking pretty! Here is your 3 months salary, now GET OUT and don't come back'.
The young man turned around and was quickly out of sight.
Noticing a few onlookers, the MD said in a very upset manner, 'And that applies for everybody in this company'.
He approached one of the onlookers and asked him, 'Who's the young man that I just fired?'
To which an amazing reply came of, 'He was the courier delivery man, Sir...!'
Sunday 17 May 2009
கருத்தரங்க கற்பித்தல் முறை
Reading maketh a full man; writing an exact man; and conference a ready man stated by Francis Bacon. The skills such as reading, writing and talking are essential for the personality development of a man. The seminar method integrates such skills of reading and writing with presentation skills.
The seminar method is the most modern and advanced method of teaching. A seminar is an advanced group technique which is usually used in higher education. It is an instructional technique it involves generating a situation for a group to have a guided interaction among themselves on a theme. It refers to a structured group discussion what usually follows a formal lecture or lectures often in the form of an essay or a paper presentation on a theme.
to be continued ... in next week. check in tmadhavan.rediffiland.com
The seminar method is the most modern and advanced method of teaching. A seminar is an advanced group technique which is usually used in higher education. It is an instructional technique it involves generating a situation for a group to have a guided interaction among themselves on a theme. It refers to a structured group discussion what usually follows a formal lecture or lectures often in the form of an essay or a paper presentation on a theme.
to be continued ... in next week. check in tmadhavan.rediffiland.com
Friday 8 May 2009
Second Year Syllabus
Second Year Subjects (Taught Courses)
I Indian Education System
II Facilitating & Enhancing Learning-II
III Teaching of Tamil/Urdu/Malayalam/Telugu-II
IV Teaching of English-II
V Teaching of Mathematics-II
VI Teaching of Science-II
VII Teaching of Social Science-II
Practicum
The following practical subjects for practicum (Second Year) will be assessed for a maximum of the marks noted against each practical.
Grade should be given for each practical.
VIII Self-Development Workshop 100
IX Teaching Learning Materials 75
X Physical Education, Health Education & Yoga 100
XI Art Education & Work Experience 75
XII Educational Computing 150
XIII Projects 125
Total .. 625
SECOND YEAR
Course VI : Teaching of Science
Part A- Content
Unit -1: Light
Laws of refraction, reflection- Dispersion of light- Optical
instruments - compound microscope - Astronomical telescope.
Unit -2: Electricity & Magnetism
Magnetic effects - electro magnets - Domestic electric
circuit -Safety measures in handling electricity. Conductors -
insulators - non conductors - dynamo.
Unit -3: Energy
Different types of energy - Transformation of energy -
Solar energy- Wind energy - Conservation of energy - Safety
disposal of nuclear waste
Unit -4: Sound
Different types of waves - instruments
Unit -5: Acids, Bases and Salts
Sources - Properties and types of acids - Sources -
properties and types of bases types and properties of saltsindicators
- Neutralization - Reaction
Unit -6: Microorganisms
Types of viruses - bacteria - fungus - common & important
viral diseases- -HIV - bacterial disease - vector borne
diseases - water borne diseases - Air borne diseases -
Prevention and control.
Unit -7: Immunology
Types of Indian Medicine - Siddha - Naturopathy,
Homoeopathy, Unani and Ayurvedic - Medicenal plants and
their uses (Neem, Vinca rosea Thulasi)- Addictions and
deaddictions - social aspects - role of science teaching in
developing values.
Unit-8: Environment
Environmental Factors -Rain Water Harvesting -Role of
insects, Animals and human beings on conserving the
nature.
Unit-9 : Application of Science in day to day life
Correlates from life at home, school and Public places.
Unit 1 Practical.
Demonstrates dispersion of light.
Unit 2 Practical.
• Prepares a simple domestic circuit.
• Minor repairs to electric gadgets, circuits, etc.
Unit 3 Practical.
Discussion on current issues relating to use of technology
for national development (e.g. 123)
Unit 4 Practical.
Collects acids and bases from the plant kingdom and
differentiates.
Unit 7 Practical.
Invites experts from the field of Indian medicine and
records their talk.
Unit 8 Practical.
Seminar on environment protection for sustainable
development
Unit 9 Practical.
The current trends of anyone of 3 Os with the help of
Information and Communication Technology
Part B - Methodology
Unit VII : Heuristic Method
Aims and objectives -Model - Steps involved Learning
outcomes -Explaining the method with an appropriate
example from the content -Educational implications of the
method, Merits and Demerits.
Practical. Adopts heuristic method of teaching for the content of his
own choice.
Unit VIII : Co-curricular Activities
Need and importance -Planning, ( execution and review-
Precautionary measures -Field Trip / Nature Walk -Science
club, eco-club, Science quiz, Science Exhibition -Role of
teacher
Practical. Organises a field trip / nature walk to locally accessible
place of scientific significance.
Organises science club activities
Unit IX : Project Method.
Introduction -Definition -C Objectives — Outcomes -Types
of projects -Steps involved -Need Role of Teacher -
Educational in implications -Merits and Limitations
Conducts individual project under the supervision of
Practical. Teacher educator and submits the report in the print form
Unit X : Inductive and deductive method
Introduction -Definition - Objectives - Outcomes -Steps -
Differences -inductive, deductive approach -Explanation of
the methods with a suitable content matter -Role of the
Teacher - Merits and Limitations
Practical. Identify topics from the school Syllabus for teaching through
inductive and deductive methods
Unit XI -Multi Media Package (MMP) Media -Mass media -Meaning - Significance -Merits -
Limitations-Multimedia-Meaning-Definition-Multimedia package Meaning - Significance of Multimedia Package -
Development of Multimedia package (MMP) various steps
involved in the development of MMP-Merits-Limitations.
Practical. Prepares a MMP for any two topics of his own interest at
the primary / elementary level.
Unit XII : Active Learning Method (ALM)
Objectives and need of ALM-Principles of ALM-Advantages
Observes and identifies the uniqueness of ALM
Reference Books :
1. Science Teaching in Schools - R.C. Das, Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi -110 051.
2. Teaching of Science - M.S. Yadav, Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
3. Science Curriculum Resource Handbook - Corwin Press Inc. Sage Publications Company, Thousand
Oaks, California.
4. Science method and Scientific Technology - Joshi (P.S.) & Vajreshwar D. Chand and Company,
Development 152, Anna Salai, Chennai -600 002.
5. Scientific Attitude - Bhaskara Rao Digumart Discovery Publishing House,
New Delhi.
6. Teaching of Science - Dr. Radha Mohan, Mc. Graw Bills Publising Co.,
7. UNESCO source book for science teaching - Dr. Radha Mohan, UNESCO publications Orient
Longmen, Chennai
I Indian Education System
II Facilitating & Enhancing Learning-II
III Teaching of Tamil/Urdu/Malayalam/Telugu-II
IV Teaching of English-II
V Teaching of Mathematics-II
VI Teaching of Science-II
VII Teaching of Social Science-II
Practicum
The following practical subjects for practicum (Second Year) will be assessed for a maximum of the marks noted against each practical.
Grade should be given for each practical.
VIII Self-Development Workshop 100
IX Teaching Learning Materials 75
X Physical Education, Health Education & Yoga 100
XI Art Education & Work Experience 75
XII Educational Computing 150
XIII Projects 125
Total .. 625
SECOND YEAR
Course VI : Teaching of Science
Part A- Content
Unit -1: Light
Laws of refraction, reflection- Dispersion of light- Optical
instruments - compound microscope - Astronomical telescope.
Unit -2: Electricity & Magnetism
Magnetic effects - electro magnets - Domestic electric
circuit -Safety measures in handling electricity. Conductors -
insulators - non conductors - dynamo.
Unit -3: Energy
Different types of energy - Transformation of energy -
Solar energy- Wind energy - Conservation of energy - Safety
disposal of nuclear waste
Unit -4: Sound
Different types of waves - instruments
Unit -5: Acids, Bases and Salts
Sources - Properties and types of acids - Sources -
properties and types of bases types and properties of saltsindicators
- Neutralization - Reaction
Unit -6: Microorganisms
Types of viruses - bacteria - fungus - common & important
viral diseases- -HIV - bacterial disease - vector borne
diseases - water borne diseases - Air borne diseases -
Prevention and control.
Unit -7: Immunology
Types of Indian Medicine - Siddha - Naturopathy,
Homoeopathy, Unani and Ayurvedic - Medicenal plants and
their uses (Neem, Vinca rosea Thulasi)- Addictions and
deaddictions - social aspects - role of science teaching in
developing values.
Unit-8: Environment
Environmental Factors -Rain Water Harvesting -Role of
insects, Animals and human beings on conserving the
nature.
Unit-9 : Application of Science in day to day life
Correlates from life at home, school and Public places.
Unit 1 Practical.
Demonstrates dispersion of light.
Unit 2 Practical.
• Prepares a simple domestic circuit.
• Minor repairs to electric gadgets, circuits, etc.
Unit 3 Practical.
Discussion on current issues relating to use of technology
for national development (e.g. 123)
Unit 4 Practical.
Collects acids and bases from the plant kingdom and
differentiates.
Unit 7 Practical.
Invites experts from the field of Indian medicine and
records their talk.
Unit 8 Practical.
Seminar on environment protection for sustainable
development
Unit 9 Practical.
The current trends of anyone of 3 Os with the help of
Information and Communication Technology
Part B - Methodology
Unit VII : Heuristic Method
Aims and objectives -Model - Steps involved Learning
outcomes -Explaining the method with an appropriate
example from the content -Educational implications of the
method, Merits and Demerits.
Practical. Adopts heuristic method of teaching for the content of his
own choice.
Unit VIII : Co-curricular Activities
Need and importance -Planning, ( execution and review-
Precautionary measures -Field Trip / Nature Walk -Science
club, eco-club, Science quiz, Science Exhibition -Role of
teacher
Practical. Organises a field trip / nature walk to locally accessible
place of scientific significance.
Organises science club activities
Unit IX : Project Method.
Introduction -Definition -C Objectives — Outcomes -Types
of projects -Steps involved -Need Role of Teacher -
Educational in implications -Merits and Limitations
Conducts individual project under the supervision of
Practical. Teacher educator and submits the report in the print form
Unit X : Inductive and deductive method
Introduction -Definition - Objectives - Outcomes -Steps -
Differences -inductive, deductive approach -Explanation of
the methods with a suitable content matter -Role of the
Teacher - Merits and Limitations
Practical. Identify topics from the school Syllabus for teaching through
inductive and deductive methods
Unit XI -Multi Media Package (MMP) Media -Mass media -Meaning - Significance -Merits -
Limitations-Multimedia-Meaning-Definition-Multimedia package Meaning - Significance of Multimedia Package -
Development of Multimedia package (MMP) various steps
involved in the development of MMP-Merits-Limitations.
Practical. Prepares a MMP for any two topics of his own interest at
the primary / elementary level.
Unit XII : Active Learning Method (ALM)
Objectives and need of ALM-Principles of ALM-Advantages
Observes and identifies the uniqueness of ALM
Reference Books :
1. Science Teaching in Schools - R.C. Das, Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi -110 051.
2. Teaching of Science - M.S. Yadav, Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
3. Science Curriculum Resource Handbook - Corwin Press Inc. Sage Publications Company, Thousand
Oaks, California.
4. Science method and Scientific Technology - Joshi (P.S.) & Vajreshwar D. Chand and Company,
Development 152, Anna Salai, Chennai -600 002.
5. Scientific Attitude - Bhaskara Rao Digumart Discovery Publishing House,
New Delhi.
6. Teaching of Science - Dr. Radha Mohan, Mc. Graw Bills Publising Co.,
7. UNESCO source book for science teaching - Dr. Radha Mohan, UNESCO publications Orient
Longmen, Chennai
Thursday 30 April 2009
Is India Secular?
Yes, We Can say so because by giving money you can convert peoples from one religion to another religion.and even some mens of minority people can kill a swamiji of majority people. Muslim terrorists will not be hanged even if they attack on parliament! reason for all these incidents is that we have great politicians?
Some MP/MLA' s Are sold here.Politicians can jump from one party to another party for money and power.Criminals those who are in jail can vote in parliament can become CM of State! So We can say India is Democratic.
Well,The same Politicians Makes statements we are secular.Save Minority people.And they may say to themselves save votes of minorities. Even After killing of swamiji lakshmanand saraswati in orissa these stupid politicians does not stop supporting minorities. I don't think hindus, jains ,buddhists have future in the world.
Love your Enemy -Says Jesus Christ. India is now getting love of christians of those who are converters!
Some people says Christians helps those people that is why they converted as Christians. if you helped them the would have been in your religion.why targeting christians?
If so Terrorists ,Naxalites, helps( gives money!) somebody, can they become as terrorists!?.if you agree with this then help is meaning less.help makes someone to grow up or to come out of bad condition.
Let India be Secular !.
And help non sin people.we have not done any sin. if some people had done any sin they can convert to christians. let their sin disappears atleast in next life?!
Yes, We Can say so because by giving money you can convert peoples from one religion to another religion.and even some mens of minority people can kill a swamiji of majority people. Muslim terrorists will not be hanged even if they attack on parliament! reason for all these incidents is that we have great politicians?
Some MP/MLA' s Are sold here.Politicians can jump from one party to another party for money and power.Criminals those who are in jail can vote in parliament can become CM of State! So We can say India is Democratic.
Well,The same Politicians Makes statements we are secular.Save Minority people.And they may say to themselves save votes of minorities. Even After killing of swamiji lakshmanand saraswati in orissa these stupid politicians does not stop supporting minorities. I don't think hindus, jains ,buddhists have future in the world.
Love your Enemy -Says Jesus Christ. India is now getting love of christians of those who are converters!
Some people says Christians helps those people that is why they converted as Christians. if you helped them the would have been in your religion.why targeting christians?
If so Terrorists ,Naxalites, helps( gives money!) somebody, can they become as terrorists!?.if you agree with this then help is meaning less.help makes someone to grow up or to come out of bad condition.
Let India be Secular !.
And help non sin people.we have not done any sin. if some people had done any sin they can convert to christians. let their sin disappears atleast in next life?!
Rhymes Remixed
Twinkle twinkle little star
You should know what you are
And once you know what you are
Mental hospital is not so far.
You should know what you are
And once you know what you are
Mental hospital is not so far.
Difference between You and your boss When you take a long time, you`re slow.
When your boss takes a long time, he`s thorough.
When you don`t do it, you`re lazy.
When your boss doesn`t do it, he`s too busy.
When you make a mistake, you`re an idiot.
When your boss makes a mistake, he`s only human.
When doing something without being told, you`re overstepping your authority.
When your boss does the same thing, that`s initiative.
When you take a stand, you`re being pig-headed.
When your boss does it, he`s being firm.
When you overlooked a rule of ettiquette, you`re being rude.
When your boss skips a few rules, he`s being original.
When you please your boss, you`re arse-creeping.
When your boss pleases his boss, he`s being co-operative.
When you`re out of the office, you`re wandering around.
When your boss is out of the office, he`s on business.
When you`re on a day off sick, you`re always sick.
When your boss has a day off sick, he must be very ill.
When you apply for leave, you must be going for an interview.
When your boss applies for leave, it`s because he`s overworked.
When your boss takes a long time, he`s thorough.
When you don`t do it, you`re lazy.
When your boss doesn`t do it, he`s too busy.
When you make a mistake, you`re an idiot.
When your boss makes a mistake, he`s only human.
When doing something without being told, you`re overstepping your authority.
When your boss does the same thing, that`s initiative.
When you take a stand, you`re being pig-headed.
When your boss does it, he`s being firm.
When you overlooked a rule of ettiquette, you`re being rude.
When your boss skips a few rules, he`s being original.
When you please your boss, you`re arse-creeping.
When your boss pleases his boss, he`s being co-operative.
When you`re out of the office, you`re wandering around.
When your boss is out of the office, he`s on business.
When you`re on a day off sick, you`re always sick.
When your boss has a day off sick, he must be very ill.
When you apply for leave, you must be going for an interview.
When your boss applies for leave, it`s because he`s overworked.
Saturday 28 March 2009
Planning
Why Planning is important?
One Night 4 college students were playing till late night and could not study for the test which was scheduled for the next day. In the morning they thought of a plan. They made themselves look as dirty with grease and dirt. They then went up to the Dean and said that they had gone out to a wedding last night and on their return the tire of their car burst and they had to push the car all the way back and that they were in no condition to appear for the test.
So the Dean said they could have the re-test after 3 days. They thanked him and said they would be ready by that time.
On the third day they appeared before the Dean. The Dean said that as this was a Special Condition Test, all four were required to sit in separate classrooms for the test. They all agreed as they had prepared well in the last 3 days.
The Test consisted of 2 questions with a total of 100 Marks.
Q.1.. Your Name......................... (2 MARKS)
Q.2. which tire burst? (98 MARKS)
a) Front Left
b) Front Right
c) Back Left
d) Back Right.....!!!
True story from IIT Bombay...Batch 1992
Wednesday 25 March 2009
Conversion Threats
| conversions threaten way of life Francois Gautier(www.francoisgautier.com) writes to Dr John Dayal, member, National Integration Council, in response to the letter he wrote Prime Minister Manmohan Singh : Dear John Dayal, I am a Westerner and a born Christian. I was mainly brought up in Catholic schools, my uncle Father Guy Gautier a gem of a man, was the parish head of the beautiful Saint Jean de Montmartre church in Paris. My father Jacques Gautier, a famous artist in France , and a truly good person if there ever was one, was a fervent Catholic all his life, went to church nearly every day and lived by his Christian values. There are certain concepts in Christianity I am proud of: Charity for others, the equality of social systems in many Western countries, Christ's message of love and compassion. Yet, when I read your letter to Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh, apropos the inaugural meeting of the National Integration Council, I was a little uneasy. First, you seem to assume that you are speaking for the entire Christian community in India. But I know many Christians in this country, and they never voice the grievances you so loudly proclaim. In fact, I have found that most Christians in India are not only happy to live in this country of traditional tolerance, but that they are also different from many Christians in the world: More multicultural and ecumenist in spirit, maybe. Then, you speak of the marginalised Dalits. I agree that there are still unforgivable atrocities committed against Dalits, although very often they are done by backward castes themselves. I remember during the tsunami in Pondichery, how the Vanniars, an OBC caste, stopped the Dalits from a coastal hamlet from crossing the Vanniars' part of the village to bury their dead, as the Dalits' cremation ground had been submerged. At the same time, my 30 years in India have taught me that nowhere in the world has there been so much effort to rectify a wrong -- from 1947 onwards. This resulted in a Dalit, the late K R Narayanan, born in a poor village of Kerala , to be elected President of India, one of the highest posts in this nation. Has a black man ever been President of the United States? Reservations for Dalits have made it possible for them to access education and jobs regardless of their merits -- and this is a unique feature of India today. You continue by saying that 'the agenda draftsmen of papers for NIC seem to believe that forcible and fraudulent conversions (to Christianity) are the main cause of civil unrest in tribal and other rural areas'. And you retort that 'this is a malicious myth propagated by obscurantist and fundamentalist -- and often violent -- political groups'. Meaning Hindu groups, of course. I have to disagree with you on two points. One, I have seen with my own eyes how conversions in India are not only highly unethical -- that is, using unethical means of conversion -- but also that they threaten a whole way of life, erasing centuries of tradition, customs, wisdom, teaching people to despise their own religion and look Westwards to a culture which is alien to them, with disastrous results. Look at what happened to countries like Hawaii, or to the extraordinary Aztec culture in South America, after Portuguese and Spanish missionaries took over. Look how the biggest drug problems in India are found in the Northeast, or how Third World countries which have been totally Christianised have lost all moorings and bearing and are drifting away without nationalism and self-pride. Second, I think people like you show very little gratitude to that Hindu ethos which has seeped into Indian Christian consciousness. It is because of that Hindu ethos, which accepts that god may manifest himself at different times in different names, that Christians were welcomed in India in the first century. Indeed, the Syrian Christians of Kerala constituted the first Christian community in the world. It is because of this inbred tolerance in Hinduism that Christianity and many other persecuted minorities in the world flourished and practiced their religion in peace in India throughout the centuries. But how do Christians thank the Hindus? When the Jesuits arrived in India with Vasco de Gama, they committed terrible persecutions, particularly in Goa , crucifying Brahmins, marrying local girls forcibly to Portuguese soldiers, razing temples to build churches and splitting the Kerala Christian community in two. And today, people like you continue ranting against Hindus and promoting unethical conversions, using the massive power of the dollars donated by ignorant Westerners, who do not know that their money is used to lure innocent tribals and Dalits, who still possess that all encompassing acceptance of all gods, towards another religion. Furthermore, you use false statistics, saying for instance that nuns have been raped. You no doubt allude to the Jhabua rape case, when courts have shown that these nuns were not raped by Hindus, but by Christian tribals. I know, I went there and interviewed these innocent souls. And who has been hijacking of the educational system in India? Not the Hindus, as you accuse, but the Christians, who control much of the higher education in India and by subtle and not so subtle means, poison the minds of the students, teaching them to look down on their own culture and look up to whatever is Western -- even if it has already failed in the West. In how many schools and hospitals in India today, the Bible is read at the beginning of each day, each session? Would you approve of the Bhagavad Gita, the Bible of 850 million Hindus being read in Christian schools in the West to Christian students and nurses? Finally, when you say: 'God bless you, you Government, and God bless India', which god are you talking about? Is it Jesus Christ? But the message of Christ was one of love, of respecting others' cultures and creed -- not of utilising unethical means for converting people. It is false to say that Jesus is the only 'true' god. As Hindus rightly believe, the Divine has manifested himself throughout the ages under different names and identities, whether it is Christ, Buddha, Krishna or Mohammad. Let this be the motto of the National Integration Council of India. |
Love Installing: Technological view
INSTALLING LOVE
Tech Support: Yes, ... how can I help you?
Customer: Well, after much consideration, I've decided to install LOVE. Can you guide me though the process?
Tech Support: Yes. I can help you. Are you ready to proceed?
Customer: Well, I'm not very technical, but I think I'm ready. What do I do first?
Tech Support: The first step is to open your Heart. Have you located your Heart?
Customer: Yes, but there are several other programs running now. Is it okay to install Love while they are running?
Tech Support: What programs are running?
Customer: Let's see, I have Past Hurt, Low Self-Esteem, Grudge, and Resentment running right now.
Tech Support: No problem, Love will gradually erase Past Hurt from your current operating system. It may remain in your permanent memory but it will no longer disrupt other programs. Love will eventually override Low Self-Esteem with a module of its own called High Self-Esteem. However, you have to completely turn off Grudge and Resentment. Those programs prevent Love from being properly installed. Can you turn those off?
Customer: I don't know how to turn them off. Can you tell me how?
Tech Support: With pleasure.Go to your start menu and invoke Forgiveness.Do this as many times as necessary until Grudge and Resentment have been completely erased.
Customer: Okay, done! Love has started installing itself. Is that normal?
Tech Support: Yes, but remember that you have only the base program. You need to begin connecting to other Hearts in order to get the upgrades.
Customer: Oops! I have an error message already. It says, "Error - Program not run on external components." What should I do?
Tech Support: Don't worry. It means that the Love program is set up to run on Internal Hearts, but has not yet been run on your Heart. In non-technical terms, it simply means you have to Love yourself before you can Love others.
Customer: So, what should I do?
Tech Support: Pull down Self-Acceptance; then click on the following files: Forgive-Self Realize Your Worth; and Acknowledge your Limitations.
Customer: Okay, done.
Tech Support: Now, copy them to the "My Heart" directory. The system will overwrite any conflicting files and begin patching faulty programming. Also, you need to delete Verbose Self-Criticism from all directories and empty your Recycle Bin to make sure it is completely gone and never comes back.
Customer: Got it. Hey! My heart is filling up with new files. Smile is playing on my monitor and Peace and Contentment are copying themselves all over My Heart.Is this normal?
Tech Support: Sometimes. For others it takes awhile, but eventually everything gets it at the proper time. So LOVE is installed and running. One more thing before we hang up. LOVE is Freeware. Be sure to give it and its various modules to everyone you meet. They will in turn share it with others and return some cool modules back to you.
Tech Support: Yes, ... how can I help you?
Customer: Well, after much consideration, I've decided to install LOVE. Can you guide me though the process?
Tech Support: Yes. I can help you. Are you ready to proceed?
Customer: Well, I'm not very technical, but I think I'm ready. What do I do first?
Tech Support: The first step is to open your Heart. Have you located your Heart?
Customer: Yes, but there are several other programs running now. Is it okay to install Love while they are running?
Tech Support: What programs are running?
Customer: Let's see, I have Past Hurt, Low Self-Esteem, Grudge, and Resentment running right now.
Tech Support: No problem, Love will gradually erase Past Hurt from your current operating system. It may remain in your permanent memory but it will no longer disrupt other programs. Love will eventually override Low Self-Esteem with a module of its own called High Self-Esteem. However, you have to completely turn off Grudge and Resentment. Those programs prevent Love from being properly installed. Can you turn those off?
Customer: I don't know how to turn them off. Can you tell me how?
Tech Support: With pleasure.Go to your start menu and invoke Forgiveness.Do this as many times as necessary until Grudge and Resentment have been completely erased.
Customer: Okay, done! Love has started installing itself. Is that normal?
Tech Support: Yes, but remember that you have only the base program. You need to begin connecting to other Hearts in order to get the upgrades.
Customer: Oops! I have an error message already. It says, "Error - Program not run on external components." What should I do?
Tech Support: Don't worry. It means that the Love program is set up to run on Internal Hearts, but has not yet been run on your Heart. In non-technical terms, it simply means you have to Love yourself before you can Love others.
Customer: So, what should I do?
Tech Support: Pull down Self-Acceptance; then click on the following files: Forgive-Self Realize Your Worth; and Acknowledge your Limitations.
Customer: Okay, done.
Tech Support: Now, copy them to the "My Heart" directory. The system will overwrite any conflicting files and begin patching faulty programming. Also, you need to delete Verbose Self-Criticism from all directories and empty your Recycle Bin to make sure it is completely gone and never comes back.
Customer: Got it. Hey! My heart is filling up with new files. Smile is playing on my monitor and Peace and Contentment are copying themselves all over My Heart.Is this normal?
Tech Support: Sometimes. For others it takes awhile, but eventually everything gets it at the proper time. So LOVE is installed and running. One more thing before we hang up. LOVE is Freeware. Be sure to give it and its various modules to everyone you meet. They will in turn share it with others and return some cool modules back to you.
Sunday 18 January 2009
Republic of India or revisiting ... .
The Great Indian loot. Do You think India is a poor Country?
Revelation of Swiss Bank Accounts
This is so shocking. If black money deposits were an Olympics event, India would have won a gold medal hands down. Russia , the second best, has four times less deposit. US does not even figure in the top five! India has more money in Swiss banks than all the other countries combined!!!! Recently, due to international pressure, the Swiss government agreed to disclose the names of the account holders, but only if the respective governments formally asked for it. The Indian government is not asking for the details. No marks for guessing why!
Revelation of Swiss Bank Accounts
This is so shocking. If black money deposits were an Olympics event, India would have won a gold medal hands down. Russia , the second best, has four times less deposit. US does not even figure in the top five! India has more money in Swiss banks than all the other countries combined!!!! Recently, due to international pressure, the Swiss government agreed to disclose the names of the account holders, but only if the respective governments formally asked for it. The Indian government is not asking for the details. No marks for guessing why!
Ask Swiss banks with personal account deposit bank of $1500 billion in foreign reserve which have been misappropriated. Considering that the amount is 13 times larger than the country's foreign debt, one needs to rethink if India is indeed a poor country Illegal personal accounts in foreign banks of dishonest industrialists, scandalous politicians and corrupt IAS, IRS, IPS officers have a sum of around $ 1500 billion - an amount about 13 times larger than the country's foreign debt. With this amount, 45 crore poor people can get Rs 1,00,000 each. This huge amount has been appropriated from the people of India by exploiting and betraying them. Once this huge amount of black money comes back to India , the entire foreign debt can be repaid in 24 hours. After paying the entire foreign debt, we will have surplus amount, almost 12 times larger than the foreign debt. If this surplus amount is invested in earning interest, the amount of interest will be more than the annual budget of the Central government. So even if all the taxes are abolished, then too the Central government will be able to maintain the country very comfortably.
Some 80,000 people travel to Switzerland every year, of whom 25,000 travel very frequently. 'Obviously, these people won't be tourists. They must be travelling there for some other reason,' believes an official involved in tracking illegal money. And, clearly, he isn't referring to the commerce ministry bureaucrats who've been flitting in and out of Geneva ever since the World Trade Organisation (WTO) negotiations went into a tailspin! Just read the following details and note how these dishonest industrialists, scandalous politicians, corrupt officers, cricketers, film actors, illegal sex trade and protected wildlife operators, to name just a few, sucked this country's wealth and prosperity. This may be the picture of deposits in Swiss banks only. What about other international banks?
Black money in Swiss banks -- Swiss Banking Association report, 2006 details bank deposits in the territory of Switzerland by nationals of following countries:
Top Five:
1. India ---- $1,456 billion
2. Russia ---$ 470 billion
3. UK -------$390 billion
4. Ukraine - $100 billion
5. China -----$ 96 billion Now do the maths -
India with $1456 billion or $1.4 trillion has more money in Swiss banks than rest of the world combined. Public loot since 1947: Can we bring back our money? It is one of the biggest loots witnessed by mankind -- the loot of the common man since 1947, by his brethren occupying public office. It has been orchestrated by politicians, bureaucrats and some businessmen. The list is almost all-encompassing. No wonder, everyone in India loots with impunity and without any fear. What is even more depressing in that this ill-gotten wealth of ours has been stashed away abroad into secret bank accounts located in some of the world's best known tax havens. And to that extent the Indian economy has been stripped of its wealth.
Ordinary Indians may not be exactly aware of how such secret accounts operate and what are the rules and regulations that go on to govern such tax havens. However, one may well be aware of 'Swiss bank accounts,' the shorthand for murky dealings, secrecy and of course pilferage from developing countries into rich developed ones. In fact, some finance experts and economists believe tax havens to be a conspiracy of the western world against the poor countries... By allowing the proliferation of tax havens in the 20th century, the western world explicitly encourages the movement of scarce capital from the developing countries to the rich. In March 2005, the Tax Justice Network (TJN) published a research finding demonstrating that $11.5 trillion of personal wealth was held offshore by rich individuals across the globe. The findings estimated that a large proportion of this wealth was managed from some 70 tax havens... Further, augmenting these studies of TJN, Raymond Baker -- in his widely celebrated book titled 'Capitalism's Achilles Heel: Dirty Money and How to Renew the Free Market System' -- estimates that at least $5 trillion have been shifted out of poorer countries to the West since the mid-1970. It is further estimated by experts that 1 % of the world's population holds more than 57 % of total global wealth, routing it invariably through these tax havens. How much of this is from India is anybody's guess. What is to be noted here is that most of the wealth of Indians parked in these tax havens is illegitimate money acquired through corrupt means.Naturally, the secrecy associated with the bank accounts in such places is central to the issue, not their low tax rates as the term 'tax havens' suggests. Remember Bofors and how India could not trace the ultimate beneficiary of those transactions because of the secrecy associated with these bank accounts? Is there anybody who can save India ?
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